] can i just say oen thing? Please explain waht these things are Pennage and turbery? I have nver heard of them and I do know a little history!!

These have nothing to do with the Church. Pannage was the property right to graze a certain number of pigs in the common woodland (as pasturage was the right to graze a certain number of cows on the common pasture). Estover was the right to take a certain amount of wood from the common woodland for household fuel. Turbery (sp?) was the similar right to cut turf for household fuel from the common waste land. In addition to being rights in the common, they can also be held as an easment on some other individual's land.

These rights were attached to freehold, copyhold and some leasehold tenancies in the pre-enclosure manor. They were essential to the self-sufficiency of the poorer residents, especially pannage and pasturage. If they were lost during an enclosure, the former holder became much more dependent on wage labour for subsistence.

Both favorable and hostile writers on enclosure at the end of the 18th century remark on the loss of these rights, particularly the right to pasture a single cow on the common, as a major grievance of the poorer tenants against enclosure. Arthur Young, the most noted agricultural writer of the age, thought this a good thing; he wrote that if a poor labourer could feed himself and his family on a cow, a garden and a potato patch, he would take his leisure in the alehouse instead of hiring out to the farmers as day labour.