I have not found any references, in Austen or in history of her time which suggests that a divorcee of either sex could marry again.

Perhaps not in the C of E, but plenty of divorced people got married in Scotland or abroad, and their marriages were then recognized under English law (though presumably they would be excommunicated, to use a Catholic term, and not be allowed to receive any church sacraments). Regency examples include Lady Holland, who was divorced from her first husband, Sir Godfrey Webster, after eloping with Lord Holland (and the Holland's first son was born before the divorce was finalized and so was illegitimate and could not inherit the title); also the Marquis of Anglesey (previously Earl of Uxbridge), who eloped with, if I recall correctly, Wellington's brother's wife; after her divorce, they were married, and W's brother then married someone else too.